Publicado 2024-12-30
Palabras clave
- woke,
- política de identidad,
- pensamiento decolonial,
- subjetividad radical
Derechos de autor 2024 Robert Beshara

Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
Cómo citar
Resumen
Este artículo critica la irracionalidad poscolonial o, más concretamente, la ideología liberal del wokeísmo en Estados Unidos, con sus diversas facetas, desde la cultura de la cancelación hasta la política de la identidad. El wokeísmo se diferencia del wokeness - este último se define como una praxis materialista dialéctica. Se presenta una genealogía del izquierdismo en Estados Unidos para contextualizar el debate. La epistemología irracional del wokeísmo se revela desde perspectivas marxistas y psicoanalíticas. La irracionalidad poscolonial se contrapone a la razón histórica del pensamiento decolonial.
Referencias
- AHMED, Sara . The cultural politics of emotion. [S. l.]: Edinburgh University Press, 2004-2014.
- ANON. #AltWoke manifesto. TripleAmpersand Journal (&&&), June 13, 2017. Available at: https://tripleampersand.org/alt-woke-manifesto/. Accessed on: Dec. 3, 2024.
- ARENDT, Hannah. Reflections on violence. The New York Review, Feb. 27, 1969. Available at: https://www.nybooks.com/articles/1969/02/27/a-special-supplement-reflections-on-violence/. Accessed on: Dec. 3, 2024.
- ASAD, Talal; BROWN, Wendy; BUTLER, Judith; MAHMOOD, Saba. Is critique secular?: Blasphemy, injury, and free speech. Berkeley: The Townsend Center for the Humanities, 2009.
- BENJAMIN, Walter. Critique of violence. In: BULLOCK, Marcus; JENNINGS, Michael W. (ed.). Selected writings, Volume 1: 1913-1926. London: Harvard University Press, 1921-1996. pp. 236-253.
- BESHARA, Robert K.. Decolonizing Psychoanalysis/Psychoanalyzing Islamophobia. In: Ian Parker; Sabah Siddiqui (ed.), Islamic psychoanalysis and psychoanalytic Islam: Cultural and clinical dialogues. New York: Routledge, 2018. pp. 102-117.
- BESHARA, Robert K.. Freud and said: Contrapuntal psychoanalysis as liberation praxis. [S. l.]: Palgrave, 2020.
- BROWN, Adrienne Maree. We will not cancel us: And other dreams of transformative justice. [S. l.]: AK Press. 2020.
- BURMAH, L. S. The curious cases of cancel culture. 2021. Tese (Master of Arts in Communication Studies) - California State University, San Bernardino, 2021. Available at: https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2440&context=etd. Accessed on: 3 dec. 2024.
- BUTLER, Judith. Gender trouble: Feminism and the subversion of identity. New York: Routledge, 1990-1999.
- CHOTINER, Isaac. Thomas Chatterton Williams on Race, Identity, and “Cancel Culture”. In: New Yorker. [S. l.]: 22 jul. 2020. Available at: https://www.newyorker.com/news/q-and-a/thomas-chatterton-williams-on-race-identity-and-cancel-culture. Accessed on: 3 dec. 2024.
- CLARK, Meredith D.. Drag them: A brief etymology of so-called “cancel culture”. Communication and the Public. [S. l], v. 5, n. 3/4, pp. 88-92, 2020,. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/2057047320961562. Accessed on: 3 dec. 2024.
- COLLINS, P. H.. Black feminist thought: Knowledge, consciousness, and the politics of empowerment. [S. l.]: Routledge, 1990-2000.
- COMBAHEE RIVER COLLECTIVE. The Combahee River Collective statement. In: BlackPast. [S. l.], 1977. Available at: https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/combahee-river-collective-statement-1977/. Accessed on: 3 dec. 2024.
- CRENSHAW, Kimberle. Demarginalizing the intersection of race and sex: A Black feminist critique of antidiscrimination doctrine, feminist theory, and antiracist politics. University of Chicago Legal Forum, [S. l.], n. 1, pp, 139-167, 1989.
- CUTRONE, Chris. The death of the millennial left: Interventions: 2006-2022. [S. l.]: Sublation Press, 2023.
- DAVIS, Angela Y.; MARTÍNEZ, Elizabeth. Building coalitions of people of color. In: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SANTA CRUZ. Center for Cultural Studies. 12 may 1993. Available at: https://culturalstudies.ucsc.edu/inscripartitions/volume-7/angela-y-davis-elizabeth-martinez/. Accessed on: 3 dec. 2024.
- DAVIS, Angela Y.. Freedom is a constant struggle: Ferguson, Palestine, and the foundations of a movement. [S. l.]: Haymarket Books, 2015.
- DEBORD, Guy. Society of the spectacle. [S. l.]: Black & Red, 1967-2018.
- DERSHOWITZ, Alan. Cancel culture: The latest attack on free speech and due process. [S. l.]: Simon & Schuster, 2020.
- ENGELS, Friedrich. Socialism: Utopian and scientific. [S. l.]: Foreign Language Press, 1880-2020.
- FANON, Frantz. Black skin, white masks. [S. l.]: Grove Press, 1952-2008.
- FINKELSTEIN, N.. I’ll burn that bridge when I get to it: Heretical thoughts on identity politics, cancel culture and academic freedom. [S. l.]: Sublation Press, 2023.
- FLEET, X. V.. Mao’s America: A survivor’s warning. [S. l.]: Center Street, 2023a.
- FREIRE, Paulo. Pedagogy of the oppressed. Trans. M. B. Ramos. [S. l.]: Continuum, 1970-2000.
- FUKUYAMA, Francis. “The End of History?” The National Interest. JSTOR. [S. l.], n. 16, pp. 3–18, 1989. Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/24027184. Accessed on: 29 Nov. 2024.
- GAMBINO, Childish; GÖRANSSON, Ludwig. Redbone. [S. l.]: Glassnote, 2016.
- GARVEY, Marcus. Selected writings and speeches of Marcus Garvey. [S. l.]: Dover, 2004.
- GET out. Direção: Peele, J. [S. l.]: Universal Pictures, 2017.
- GILLEY, B.. The case for colonialism. [S. l.]: New English Review Press, 2023.
- HANNAH-JONES, Nikole. Introduction to the "1619 Project". The New York Times Magazine, Aug. 18, 2019. Available at: https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/14/magazine/1619-introduction.html. Accessed on: 3 dec. 2024.
- HARDING, Sandra. Rethinking standpoint epistemology: What is “strong objectivity”?. In: ALCOFF, Linda; POTTER, Elizabeth (ed.), Feminist epistemologies. New York: Routledge, 1993. pp. 49-82.
- HARPER’S MAGAZINE. A Letter on Justice and Open Debate, 7 july 2020. Available at: https://harpers.org/a-letter-on-justice-and-open-debate/. Accessed on: 30 nov. 2024
- HUNTINGTON, Samuel P.. The Clash of Civilizations?. Foreign Affairs, v. 72, n. 3, pp. 22-49, summer 1993.
- JONES, A.. You are surrounded by lies. [S. l.], 20 jun. 2024. X: @RealAlexJones. Available at: https://x.com/RealAlexJones/status/1804004063476170904. Accessed on: 30 nov. 2024
- KANT, Immanuel. Critique of pure reason. [S. l.]: Cambridge University Press, 1781-1998.
- KARSON, M.. The psychology of “Wokeism”. In: Psychology Today. [S. l.], 9 aug. 2021. Available at: https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/feeling-our-way/202108/the-psychology-wokeism. Accessed on: 30 nov. 2024
- KING, M. L.. Where do we go from here: Chaos or community?. [S. l.]: Beacon Press, 2010.
- KOLAKOWSKI, Leszek. The concept of the left. In: OGLESBY, C. (ed.), The new left reader. [S. l.]: Grove Press, 1969. pp. 267-290
- LACAN, Jacques. Anxiety. [S. l.]: Polity, 2014.
- LACAN, Jacques. The other side of psychoanalysis. [S. l.]: W. W. Norton & Company, 2007.
- LENIN, Vladimir. Imperialism: The highest stage of capitalism. [S. l.]: Wellred Books, 1917.
- LINDSAY, J. A.. Race Marxism: The truth about critical race theory and praxis. [S. l.]: Independently published, 2022.
- LUKÁCS, G.. The destruction of reason. Trans. P. Palmer. [S. l.]: International Library of Social and Political Thought, 1981.
- MALAGUTI, Marco. Wokeism, child of the union of Maoism and post-Marxism. Centro Machiavelli, 11 dez. 2023. Available at: https://www.centromachiavelli.com/en/2023/12/11/malaguti-conferenza-wokeismo/. Accessed on: 30 nov. 2024
- MARCUSE, Herbert. An essay on liberation. [S. l.]: Beacon Press, 1969.
- MARX, Karl; ENGELS, Frederick. The communist manifesto. [S. l.]: Marxists Internet Archive, 1848.
- MARX, Karl; ENGELS, Frederick.. The German ideology. [S. l.]: Marxists Internet Archive, 1846.
- MARX, Karl. A contribution to the critique of political economy. [S. l.]: Marxists Internet Archive, 1859.
- MCWHORTER, J.. Woke racism: How a new religion has betrayed Black America. [S. l.]: Penguin, 2021.
- MIGNOLO, Walter D.. Delinking. Cultural Studies, [S. l.], v. 21, n. 2-3, pp. 449-514, 2007. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/09502380601162647. Accessed on: 30 nov. 2024
- MITCHELL, Juliet. Psychoanalysis and feminism: A radical reassessment of freudian psychoanalysis. [S. l.]: Basic Books, 1974-2000.
- MOYN, S.. The alt-right’s favorite meme is 100 years old. The New York Times, [S. l.], 13 nov. 2018. Avaiable at: https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/13/opinion/cultural-marxism-anti-semitism.html. Accessed on: 30 nov. 2024
- NEIMAN, Susan. Left is not woke. [S. l.]: John Wiley & Sons, 2023.
- NG, Eve. Cancel culture: A critical analysis. [S. l.]: Springer Nature, 2022.
- NKRUMAH, Kwame. Neo-colonialism: The last stage of imperialism. [S. l.]: Nelson, 1965.
- NORRIS, P. Cancel culture: Myth or reality?. Political Studies, [S. l.], v. 71, n. 1, pp. 145-174, 11 ago. 2021. Avaiable at: https://doi.org/10.1177/00323217211037023. Accessed on: 30 nov. 2024
- NORTH, D.; Mackaman, T.; Niemuth, N.. The New York Times’ 1619 project: A racialist falsification of American and world history. [S. l.]: World Socialist Web Site, 2019.
- PETERSON, Jordan. Equity: When the left goes too far. In: PETERSON, Jordan. Jordanbpeterson. [S. l.], 15 may 2019. Avaiable at: https://www.jordanbpeterson.com/blog-posts/equity-when-the-left-goes-too-far/. Accessed on: 3 dec. 2024
- PLUCKROSE, H.; LINDSAY, J. A.. Cynical theories: How activist scholarship made everything about race, gender, and identity—and why this harms everybody. [S. l.]: Pitchstone Publishing, 2020.
- REED, A.. No politics but class politics. Edited by W. B. Michaels. [S. l.]: ERIS, 2022.
- RUFO, Christopher F.. America’s Cultural Revolution: How the radical left conquered everything. [S. l.]: HarperCollins, 2023.
- SAAD, Gad. The parasitic mind: How infectious ideas are killing common sense. [S. l.]: Simon & Schuster, 2020.
- SAID, Edward. Freud and the non-European. [S. l.]: Verso, 2003.
- SAKAI, J.. Settlers: The mythology of the white proletariat. [S. l.]: Morningstar Press, 1983.
- SMITH, Barbara (2020, February 10). I helped coin the term ‘identity politics’. I’m endorsing Bernie Sanders. The Guardian. [S. l.], 10 fev. 2020. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/feb/10/identity-politics-bernie-sanders-endorsement. Accessed on: 3 dec. 2024
- SPIVAK, G. C.. A critique of postcolonial reason: Toward a history of the vanishing present. [S. l.]: Harvard University Press, 1999.
- TÁÍWÒ, O. O.. Elite capture: How the powerful took over identity politics (And everything else). [S. l.]: Haymarket Books, 2022.
- TÁÍWÒ, O.. Against decolonisation: Taking African agency seriously. [S. l.]: Hurst Publishers, 2022.
- THE PROBLEM WITH WOKENESS. Ayishat Akanbi. [S. l.: s. n.], 30 oct. 2018. 1 vídeo (4 min). Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_-WimRb2jXs. Accessed on: Dec. 3, 2024.
- TUCK, Eve; YANG, K. Wayne. Decolonization is not a metaphor. Decolonization: Indigeneity, Education & Society, [S. l.], v. 1, n.1, pp. 1-40, 2012.
- VOLOSHINOV, V.. Freudianism: A Marxist critique. [S. l.]: Verso, 1976-2014.
- WALLERSTEIN, I. M.. World-systems analysis: An introduction. [S. l.]: Duke University Press, 2004.
- WEISS, Bari. Resignation letter. Bari Weiss, 2020. Available at: https://www.bariweiss.com/resignation-letter. Accessed on: 3 dec. 2024.
- ‘WOKEISM’ is Maoism with American Characteristics. Xi Van Fleet. [S. l.]: Fox News, 1 oct. 2023b. 1 vídeo (3 min). Available at: https://www.foxnews.com/video/6338194059112.
- ŽIŽEK, Slavoj. The sublime object of ideology. [S. l.]: Verso, 1989.